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2017高考真题答案,2017年高考卷子及答案
tamoadmin 2024-05-25 人已围观
简介1.高考语文阅读题答题的时候开头用不用写答2.2017高考英语语法填空分类试题3.高考英语阅读理解训练附答案4.2017年成人高考语文试题与答案(2)5.(4月20)每日一题2020111~与秦汉有关的高考题17东汉的察举制6.今年的高考题目是什么?3cosa+4sina可以取值+/-5,在第三象限应为-5,因此-5-4-a=+/-17,解得a=-26/8;综合得a=-16,-26,8,18四个值
1.高考语文阅读题答题的时候开头用不用写答
2.2017高考英语语法填空分类试题
3.高考英语阅读理解训练附答案
4.2017年成人高考语文试题与答案(2)
5.(4月20)每日一题2020111~与秦汉有关的高考题17东汉的察举制
6.今年的高考题目是什么?
3cosa+4sina可以取值+/-5,在第三象限应为-5,因此-5-4-a=+/-17,解得a=-26/8;综合得a=-16,-26,8,18四个值。
参考答案为-16,18.只取第一象限点了
高考语文阅读题答题的时候开头用不用写答
2017年广西崇左高三语文模拟试卷参考答案 第Ⅰ卷(阅读题,共70分)
7.(10分)翻译:
(1)(5分)正值前骁卫将军王守恩在家服丧,张从恩就把后事委托给他,逃走了。(?会?委?遁?各1分,句意信达2分)
(2)(5分)杀掉契丹使者而推举王守恩,是为国家社稷着想。现在如果害了他人,自己取得好处,不是我本来的心愿?(?盖?计?宿心?各1分,句意信达2分)
8.(5分)?数?说明数量之少,已不再是当年成林成片的样子;(1分)?残?写出了杨柳残败不堪,已不再是当年郁郁葱葱、浓阴蔽日的样子。(1分)?数?残?从数量和状态两方面,(1分)写出了隋宫外面的杨柳残败的样子,(1分)从而映衬出隋宫的破败、倾圮、荒芜的景象。(1分)(答得不全酌情扣分)
9.(6分)第一首诗中作者极力渲染隋宫外杨柳残败衰颓的样子,借以衬托隋宫的破败,以哀景写哀情;(2分)而第二首诗中,作者极写宫树的郁葱茂盛、景色迷人,以宫树的葱郁茂盛来表现隋宫的破败荒
芜,以乐景写哀情。(2分)这两首诗都用了借景抒情的表现手法,同样是写树,虽一残败衰败,一
葱郁茂盛,但都渲染了隋宫的破败荒芜,表达了作者心中的兴衰之叹。(2分)
10.(每空1分,共6分)
(1)众女嫉余之蛾眉兮 谣诼谓余以善*
(2)后人哀之而不鉴之 亦使后人而复哀后人也
(3)人不寐 将军白发征夫泪
11.(25分)
(1)(5分)E D (答E给3分,答D给2分,答A给1分,答B、C不给分。回答三项或三项以上,不给分。)
解析A项中?表明?我?有点神经质?错。B项中?大胡子?救了?我?是为了向?我?宣泄大衣被水冲走的不满?错。C项中?我?的忏悔语义过重,应当是?自责?;?埋下伏笔?应改为?作了铺垫?。
(2)(6分)①大衣被水冲跑是误会加深的结果,推动了小说情节的发展;②为下文?我?的灵魂得到净化并为?大胡子?的妻子免费做手术作了铺垫;③激发读者的阅读兴趣。(每答出一点给2分,意思答对即可)
观点二:小说主人公是?我?。理由:①从情节结构看:?我?到青石镇给患者做手术,途中乘坐人力三轮车产生误会,?我?在逃跑途中遇险,?我?在医院手术室休息时得知真相,?我?免费为?大胡子?的妻子做手术。这些都是围绕?我?展开的。②从主题看:本文表现的是人性的善良与自我反思精神的可贵,这一点正是通过?我?的免费手术体现的。③从人物关系看:在?我?和?大胡子?两人的对比中,突出了?我?人性的弱点,深化了主题。(观点明确2分,分析合理、充分6分)
12.(25分)
(1)(5分)E D (答E给3分,答D给2分,答A给1分,答B、C不给分。回答三项或三项以上,不给分)
解析A项中?已有无人替代的地位?分析偏离原文相关语句的意旨,原文是说当时兵荒马乱,堪用之人不多。B项中?原本志在?概括不当。 C项中?最初下令种树,是为了?没有想到分析有误。
(2)(6分)①以此引出传主,能给人鲜明突出的印象;②诗意地评价左公当年种树的深远影响和巨大意义,寄寓作者无限崇敬之情;③设置悬念,吸引读者,关注后文,从而引导读者深刻把握文章的主旨。(每答出一点给2分,意思答对即可)
(3)(6分)①选准树种,因地制宜种植;②宣传种树意义,颁布护林措施,并严格执行;③种树是他巡视地方的必选对象,从而引领出一种种树护林的良好风气。(每答出一点给2分,意思答对即可)
(4)(8分)①科举受阻,转而研究农桑水利等实用之学,让他获得一种观照外物的特殊视角;②早年在江南生活,那里的生态环境给他留下深刻的印象,而x疆荒凉荒寒荒漠化的环境,与其形成巨大反差,刺激他产生改变环境的愿望;③他种树是真有兴趣,真去研究,躬身参与,强力推行;④他作为一个政治家,是非常有远见的,正是这种远见,让他的作为具有深远而积极的影响。(每答出一点给2分,意思答对即可)
第Ⅱ卷 (表达题,共80分)
13.(3分)B 解析指日可待:为期不远,不久就可以实现。
倚马可待:倚在即将出发的战马前起草文件,可以等着完稿。比喻文章写得快。
拭目以待:拭,擦;待,等待。擦亮眼睛等待着。形容期望或等待某件事情的实现。注意三个成语各自的搭配对象。
14.(3分)B 解析A.句式杂糅,删去?顺利回国?; C.语序不当,?将在2020年计划?应改为?计划将在2020年?;D.防止?与?免遭?否定不当,?免遭?应改为?遭到?或?受到?。
15.(3分)D
16.(5分) ①一是文化的教养;②二是社会的担当;③三是自由的灵魂。(意思合理即可。写出一句给1分,写出两句给3分,写出三句给5分)
17.(6分)构图要素:一双伸开的手掌捧着一颗长出枝叶的心脏,一只手掌的大拇指上站着一只小鸟,小鸟望向初生的枝条。(3分,每点1分)
寓意:小心呵护,让心灵焕发生机,给人以新的希望。(3分,?呵护?生机?希望?每个关键词1分)
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2017高考英语语法填空分类试题
不需要,高考适应答题卡网上阅卷,一般都有专门答题区域,你只要在规定区域内答题就可以,然后标好序号,做到要点化。
这是2017年高考全国卷1第15题的答案:
15.①用春蚕食叶描摹考场内考生落笔纸上的声响,生动贴切;
②动中见静,越发见出考场的庄严寂静;
③强化作者充满希望的喜悦之情。
高考英语阅读理解训练附答案
语法填空题作为一种新型题目,重点考察的是学生的词汇掌握能力、词语辨析、单句理解能力,这就对学生英语综合能力的应用提出了更高的要求。要下面是我为大家推荐的2017高考英语语法填空分类试题,仅供大家参考!
高考英语语法填空分类试题
一、考查词形转换
1. He must be (mental) disabled.
2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
3. We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night.
4. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment (late) that day.
5. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.
6. But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
7. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
8. ?That would be a very (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,? Nick said.
9. ?But such a small thing couldn?t (possible) destroy a village.?
参考答案:1. mentally 2.warmly 3.merrily 4.later 5.natural
6.choice7. pleased 8.reasonable 9.possibly
二、考查非谓语动词
1. He spit it out, (say) it was awful.
2. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front.
3. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses.
4. ?In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.?
5. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.
6. For example, the proverb, ?plucking up a crop (help) it grow?, is based on the following story.
7. She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
参考答案 1-7: saying sitting wearing thinking settled to help to please
三、考查谓语动词时态及语态
1. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village.
2. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
3. He walked in as if he (buy) the school.
4. Her mother was excited. ?Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,? Jane____ (inform).
5. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt.
参考答案 1-5 :broken pushed had bought was informed found
四、考查形容词或副词的比较级
1. The teacher replied, ?You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet).?
2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did ?grow? (high).
3. It might have made it a little (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn?t stop the kids in the class.
参考答案 1-3 :sweeter higher harder
高考英语语法填空答题技巧
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
技巧一:名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式? 复数的所有格children?s。
技巧二:动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是?将来?作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式?to be given。
技巧三:代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例:I am (tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那?我?肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的?less tall?。
技巧五:数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀一teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice
例:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three).
从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是?一半?或?二分之一?,那么二儿子应该得?三分之一?,所以要填入作分母的序数词?third?才能命中目标。
技巧六:词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness).
在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。
2017年成人高考语文试题与答案(2)
2017高考英语阅读理解训练附答案
2017高考英语改革后实行一年两考,可多次参加,我认为对自己有信心的.同学可以早点参加,取得理想的成绩后就可以把学习重心放到其他科目上。为了帮助大家备考,我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解,希望能帮到大家!
history
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago,we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day,we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country,but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war.Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write.For example,we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them.But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes.of course,even if the people cannot write,they may know something of the past.They have heard about it from older people,and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings,and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.This we may call ?remembered history?.Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is,because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing.But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often very helpful.
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?
A.?Remembered history?,compared with written history,is less reliable
B.Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.
C.A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions.
D.Where there are no written records.there is no history.
42.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because
A.there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C.the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D.the people there did not know how to write
43.?Remembered history?refers to
A.history based on a person?s imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44.?Remembered history?is regarded as valuable only when
A. it is written down
B .no written account is available
C.it proves to be time
D.people are interested in it
45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had
A.kept a written record of every past event
B. not burnt their written records in wars
C.told exact stories of the most important happenings
D.made more songs and dances
答案:DDDBA
land produces
Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs,its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业),and most of the rest live in or around towns,small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing:every small town may still be very like other small towns,and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country,but most Americans do not live in small towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each?a larger proportion than in Germany or England,let alone France.The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses,so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.
36.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?
A.About 25 million.
B.More than 25 million.
C.Less than 25 million.
D. Less than 225 million
37.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?
A.United States.
B.Germany.
C.France.
D.England.
38.What?s the meaning of the word?metropolitan?in the middle of the passage?
A .Of a large city with its suburbs.
B.Of small and large towns.
C.Of urban areas.
D.Of rural areas.
39.According to the passage,what can we learn about small towns in the United States?
A Most small towns become gradually crowded
B.Small towns are still similar to each other.
C.As the traditional picture is changing,towns are different.
D .Small towns are turning into large cities
40.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?
A.Because they are the same.
B.Because the rush takes place too quickly
C.Because the process is gradual.
D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan
答案:CCABC
president
There are stories about two U.S . presidents,Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren,which attempt to explain the American English term OK.We don?t know if either story is true,but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education.In fact,he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson,he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said.If he approved of a paper.he would write?all correct?on it.The problem was that he didn?t know how to spell.So what he really wrote was?ol korekt?.After a while,he shortened that term to?OK?.
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born,Kinderhook,New York.Van Bnren?s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club,and anyone who supported Van Buren was called?OK?.
31.The author
A. believes both of the stories
B.doesn?t believe a word of the stories
C is not sure whether the stories are true
D. is telling the stories just for fun
32. According to the passage,President Jackson
A.couldn?t draw up any documents at all
B. didn?t like to read important papers by himself
C.often had his assistants sign documents for him
D .wasn?t good at reading,writing or spelling
33.According to the first story, the term ?OK?
A. was approved of by President Jackson
B.was the title of some Official documents
C.was first used by President Jackson
D.was an old way to spell?all correct?
34 .According to the second story,the term?OK?
A.was the short way to say?old Kinderhook Club?
B.meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C.was the name of Van Buren?s club
D.was used to call Van Buren?s supporters in the election
35.According to the second story.the term?OK?was first used
A.by Van Buren
B.in a presidential election
C.to organize the Old Kinderhook Club
D.by the members of the?Old Kinderhook Club?
答案:CDCDB
;(4月20)每日一题2020111~与秦汉有关的高考题17东汉的察举制
我们精心为广大考生准备了?2017年成人高考语文模拟试题与答案(2)?,各位同学赶快学起来吧,做好万全准备,祝各位同学考试顺利通过。更多相关资讯请持续关注
一、语言知识与语言应用(共24分,每小题4分)
第1题单选 依次填人下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是( )
①他把__________家里受苦的情况都讲了出来。
②鲁迅主编的刊物__________反动当局查封了。
③__________是否应聘,我还没有做出最后决定。
A.从 让 至于
B.在 让 关于
C.从 被 关于
D.在 被 至于
参考答案:D
第2题单选 下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确的一项是( )
A.多次推迟销毁日期后,运行了15年之久的俄罗斯?和平?号空间站终于在2001年3月寿终正寝。
B.中国女子柔道选手袁华在人声鼎沸的赛场上能做到充耳不闻、心静如水,而一旦发力,就令对手不寒而栗。
C.田先生生气了,涨红了脸说道:?你们说的都是杯弓蛇影,纯属无中生有,完全不符合事实。?
D.汉字构词能力强,掌握了常用字有利于理解词语,其中很多词可以望文生义,望文知义,易学易记。
参考答案:A
第3题单选 下列各组词语中,字形、词义解释全都正确的一项是( )
A.荣膺众望所归(众人所敬仰的) 瞻顾韦编三绝(读书刻苦勤奋)
B.端倪(事情的眉目) 高山流水(路途艰险难行) 附庸 各行其事
C.表帅 曾经沧海(曾经有过辉煌的过去) 涵养席不暇暖(奔走忙碌,没有坐定的时间)
D.缄口(闭口不说话) 大家风范(人们学习的榜样) 报歉 不可企及
参考答案:A
第4题单选 下列各句中加下划线的成语的使用,恰当的一句是( )
A.现在的电视连续剧,十几集、几十集的习以为常。
B.这次在浦东的参观尽管浮光掠影,但是仍然留下了深刻的印象。
C.他俩同窗八载,一直是相敬如宾,从来没有为琐事吵过架。
D.?新的文化观念?日趋多元化,常常让我们莫衷一是。
参考答案:D
第5题单选 下列句子中,没有错别字的一句是( )
A.在中国现代文学史上,冰心作为倡导母爱的著名女作家而受到人们祟敬。
B.浓郁的情韵和深刻的哲理水乳交溶,增强了文章魅力,感染着亿万读者。
C.广州因承诺将这次全国采购会办成非赢利的会议而获得了最多的选票。
D.这部传记,以朴实淳厚的语言为世人展示了将军们鲜为人知的人生境遇。
参考答案:D
第6题单选 下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确的一句是( )
A.许多看到过极光的人在描写极光时往往语焉不详,只说些?美得语言无法形容?之类的话。
B.宽带上网是电信业的热门,但推广太慢,这是因为它的价格过高让市民叹为观止。
C.尽管使用纯净水是否有益健康依然是人言啧啧,但纯净水进入千家万户已是不争的事实。
D.以巴冲突愈演愈烈,美伊战争迫在眉睫,中东局势战云密布,这使许多投资者退避三舍。
参考答案:A
二、阅读下面文字,完成7?10题。(共16分。每小题4分)
阅读下面的文字,完成下面试题
树木都是比较长寿的,自然界中常有许多百年以上的大树,甚至也有上千年的古树。一般比较准确地确定古树的年龄,多用?数年轮?的办法。
什么是年轮呢?就是木本植物茎干横断面上的同心轮纹,在树木茎干的韧皮部内侧有一圈细胞生长特别活跃,分裂也极快,能够形成新的木材和韧皮组织,被称为形成层。可以说树干的增粗全靠它的力量,这些细胞的生长情况在不同的生长季节中有明显的差异。春天到夏天的天气是最适于树木生长的,因此形成层的细胞分裂较快,生长迅速。所产生的细胞体积大,细胞壁薄,纤维较少,输送水分的导管数目多,称为春材或早材;到了秋天,由于形成层的细胞的活动逐渐减弱,产生的细胞当然也不会很大,而且细胞壁厚,纤维较多,导管数目较少,叫做秋材或晚材;当年的早材与晚材逐渐过渡,组成一轮,而晚材与次年的早材之间,界限分明,出现轮纹,根据树干基部的年轮,可以推测树木的年轮。
但是也有一些植物,如柑橘,年轮就不符合这种规律,我们叫它?假年轮?,因为它们每一年能够有节奏地生长三次,形成三轮。此外,在热带地区的树木,由于气候季节性的变化不明显,形成层所产生的细胞也就没有什么差异了,年轮往往不明显。
古树年轮的研究,对近年开展的古气候讨论以及空气污染情况的研究都大有助益,首先树木的生长与气象的关系最为密切,从年轮宽,生长量大,推出那一时期风调雨顺,气温适宜;反之,年轮窄,则雨水稀少或干旱无雨,或气温过高或过低。美国科学工作者通过研究450株?世界爷?的年轮,发现它所记录的近百年气候变化,竞与现有文字记录相吻合;我国兰州大学在祁连山区采集900岁以上的圆柏树,发现其年轮宽窄变化与我国近1000年的气候变化相一致。此外,采用科学手段,可以从年轮里观察出空气污染的程度,美国有人对二氧化碳及氧化物散落较多的军工厂附近的43株美国五针松及50棵鹅掌楸进行年轮分析,发现这些树木的历年生长量与该厂排放的污染物质的多少有密切关系,污染物多,树木生长量就少。
第7题单选 下列对树木年轮的解释,最准确的一项是( )
A.树木年轮就是木本植物茎干横断面上的同心轮纹。
B.树木年轮是木本植物的主干由于季节变化生长快慢不同,在木质部的断面显出的环形纹理。
C.在树木茎干的韧皮部内侧有一圈细胞生长特别活跃,分裂也极快,能够形成新的木材和韧皮组织,它们就是树木年轮。
D.当年的早材与晚材逐渐过渡,组成一轮,而晚材与次年的早材之间,界限分明,出现轮纹。
参考答案:B
第8题单选 下列对?根据树干基部的年轮,可以推测树木的年轮?这句话的理解错误的一项是( )
A.树木都是比较长寿的,自然界中常有许多百年以上甚至上千年的古树。
B.树木茎干的韧皮部内侧的细胞在不同的季节生长情况有明显的差异。
C.当年的早材与晚材逐渐过渡,组成一轮,而晚材与次年的早材之间,界限分明,出现轮纹。
D.除个别植物外,大多数植物符合这种一年增长一轮的规律。
参考答案:A
第9题单选 下列对古树年轮研究的益处,表述不正确的是( )
A.树木的生长与气象的关系最为密切,研究古树年轮可以帮助我们了解古时的气候变化。
B.树木的生长与它附近污染物质的多少有密切关系,研究古树年轮可以帮助我们了解古时的污染程度。
C.研究古树年轮可以帮助今人印证对过去气候变化的记录。
D.研究古树年轮可以帮助我们预测将来的气候变化和污染情况。
参考答案:D
第10题单选 根据原文提供的信息,以下推断正确的一项是( )
A.要想准确计算古树的年龄,一定要用?数年轮?的办法。
B.有些植物中的?假年轮?现象,会对准确判断树木的年龄产生一些干扰。
C.美国的?世界爷?和我国的圆柏树,它们的年轮足以证明古气候变化和空气污染 情况。
D.从对古树年轮的研究中,可以推出美国过去有许多军工厂。
参考答案:B
今年的高考题目是什么?
(2017年高考海南卷第3题,2分)
东汉实行察举制,“郡察孝廉,州举茂才州、郡都必须定期向朝廷举荐一定数量的人才,而判断孝廉、茂才的标准包括对儒家经典的熟悉程度和道德声望的高低等。这客观上(? )
A、推动了独尊儒学局面的出现
B、促使社会阶层趋于固化
C、打破了世家大族对政权的垄断
D、动摇了郡县制的基础
答案B
解析
本题考查察举制的影响。
根据材料中的“判断孝廉、茂才的标准包括对儒家经典的熟悉程度和道德声望的高低等”,反映出因为察举制,导致了熟悉儒家经典和追求道德声望的一个特有群体的出现,并固化为察举的对象,故B项正确。
A选项,独尊儒术的出现是汉武帝时期,故A项错误。
C选项,打破世家大族对政权的垄断是科举制,故C项错误。
D项与题意无关且与史实不符明显错误。
故本题正确答案为B。
知识拓展:东汉察举制的日落西山
西汉初期,察举制贡献颇丰,然而随着西汉新氏族的重新形成,特别是外戚集团的形成,察举制正在逐步失去他的作用。
西汉末年,王莽通过一系列伪装动作,博取了贤能的美名,并能借助察举制和外戚势力一举控制朝政,并最终篡汉自立,开启了他复辟井田制的荒唐行径。察举制的失效由此可见一斑。
光武帝刘秀起兵,光复汉室江山,建立了东汉。深谙西汉察举制弊端的光武帝,进行了一系列的改革措施。针对不同人才,进行不同科目的考试,加强了考试环节的筛选,一定程度上增加了客观能力的考核,弱化了声望、家世的影响。
到了汉章帝时期,再次诏辟四科,重申和加强了董仲舒提出的客观标准,进一步加强了客观能力的考核比重。
到了汉顺帝时,还进一步增加了被察举人才的年龄限制,必须满四十岁以上,但茂才(原秀才,避光武帝刘秀讳)等具有特殊才能的人可以放宽年龄限制,同时由于人治的关系,偶尔也会出现放宽年龄的特殊情况。
这一系列的改革措施,将察举制的寿命又延长了200百年。相对春秋战国时期的世袭制(世卿世禄制),察举制无疑具有他的先进性,扩大了选才范围,中央具有唯一的任免权有利于加强中央集权,明君雄主时期的人才质量有所保证。
但是他的弊端同样突出,重视德行和名声的标准太过模糊,根本无法量化考核,沽名钓誉者层出不穷;其次对于才能的考核同样宽松,尽管有四科考核,内容也很肤浅,主要为经史、策对和起草奏章等内容,很难区别能力高下,所以又回到德行和名声的主观标准上去了。
随着东汉朝政的日益腐败,察举制逐步沦为形式,名门望族控制了地方的推举途径,平民即使再有才能,也无法进入被察举的行列,世袭制死灰复燃,察举制形同虚设。所以到了东汉末年,出现了很多世代公卿的名门望族,控制了朝政。四世三公又志大才疏的袁绍,便是这类人的代表,败给了国家实力远远不如自己的曹操。
于是东汉末年有了“举秀才,不知书,察孝廉,父别居,寒素清白浊如泥,高第良将怯如鸡”的民谣,大意是“推举的秀才连书都没读过,推举的孝子让老父亲单独居住,号称寒门出身的都是些名门望族的肮脏之徒,那些门第高大的良将个个像鸡一样胆小”,来讽刺当时的察举制。
到此,察举制已经完全失去了功用,重新回到了世袭制的老路上,寒门再也不能出贵子,朝堂一片污秽。最终爆发了黄巾起义,东汉王朝风雨飘摇,董卓擅行废立,东汉名存实亡,此后诸侯割据,生灵涂炭,出身不高的曹操笼络了一批人才统一北方,仍旧陷入了人才荒的困境之中。直到曹丕即位后,推行陈群提出的九品中正制,才勉强解决了人才问题,为结束三国乱世提供了条件。
2017年高考语文全国卷作文书面表达题目:
甲卷:
阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。(60分)
①天行健,君子以自强不息。(《周易》)
②露从今夜白,月是故乡明。(杜甫)
③何须浅碧深红色,自是花中第一流。(李清照)
④受光于庭户见一堂,受光于天下照四方。(魏源)
⑤必须敢于正视,这才可望敢想,敢说,敢做,敢当。(鲁迅)
⑥数风流人物,还看今朝(毛泽东)
中国文化博大精深,无数名句化育后世。读了上面六句,你有怎样的感触与思考?请以其中两三句为基础确定立意,并合理引用,写一篇文章。要求自选角度,明确文体,自拟标题:不要套作,不得抄袭;不少于800字。
乙卷:
阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。(60分)
据近期一项对来华留学生的调查,他们较为关注的“中国关键词”有:一带一路、大熊猫、广场舞、中华美食、长城、共享单车、京剧、空气污染、美丽乡村、食品安全、高铁、移动支付。
请从中选择两三个关键词来呈现你所认识的中国,写一篇文章帮助外国青年读懂中国。要求选好关键词,使之形成有机的关联;选好角度,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭;不少于800字。
丙卷:
阅读下列材料,根据要求写作。(60分)
今年是我国恢复高考40年。40年来,高考为国选材,推动了教育改革与社会进步,取得了举世瞩目的成就。40年来,高考激扬梦想,凝聚着几代青年的集体记忆与个人情感,饱含着无数家庭的泪珠与汗水与笑语欢声。想当年,1977的高考标志着一个时代的拐角;看今天,你正在与全国千万考生一起,奋战在2017的高考考场上……
请以“我看高考”或“我的高考”为副标题,写一篇文章。要求选好角度,确定立意:明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭;不少于800字。
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