高考从句总结_高考英语从句的分类及用法

1.定语从句的详细解释，别太复杂

2.高三英语语法知识点总结

3.高考题型中定语从句 名词性从句 如何区分

4.高考英语。宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别呢，求简单讲解下重点

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。

一．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）

三．表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四．同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

这里也有

style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">定语从句的详细解释，别太复杂

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

as， which 非限定性定语从句

由as， which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss， ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. whichD. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good， ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday， ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. whichC. as　 D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know， smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

关系代词that 的用法

1）不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)　The tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)　在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)　先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。

d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything， everything， nothing (something 除外)， few， all， none， little， some等代词时，或者是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said？

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very， the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，

(2) After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who， which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there？

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned？

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her， as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest， as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all， China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south， as we can see from his accent.

(3) John， as you know， is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times， which I don’t believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school， which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such， the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which， that引导，而且通常可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when， where， how， why， whether， what等词引导，充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

高三英语语法知识点总结

定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点，也是历年高考的热点。 I.主语和谓语一致 1、关系代词在定语从句中 The boy who is standing at the door is my son. 2、在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如： This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject. 3、在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如： This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject. II.关系代词的省略 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在口语中可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。例如： A plane is a machine that can fly. The finger (that )I put into my mouth was not the one (that)I had dipped into the cup. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865. His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. III. 正确使用that 和which 1、that 指物，有时也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that 则不能。 例如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?(正) Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（误） The room in which she lives is a large one.（正） The room in that she lives is a large one.（误） 2、先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用that 不用which引导定语从句。例如： This is the best film that I have seen.（正） This is the best film which I have seen.（误） 3、先行词是all, much, little, none等时，用that而不用which引导定语从句。例如： That’s all that I want to say.（正） That’s all which want to say.（误） 4、先行词是不定代词something, anything, anything, everything时，一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。例如： Is there anything that you want in this shop?（正） Is there anything which you want in this shop?（误） 注：当something表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时，它是名词，关系代词用that 或which均可。例如： There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium. 5、先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句。例如： He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正） He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（误） 6、先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。例如： The predicate is that which is said of the subject. 7、在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。例如： Who is the girl that is singing in the hall? 8、当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。例如： Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. IV.定语从句要用关系词引导。 例如： I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正） I have three friends, none of them can speak French.（误） 注：若把逗号“，”改为分号“；”误句也就变为正确的句子了。 V.先行词受such, the same 修饰时，通常用as 引导定语从句。 例如： This is not such a book as I want. This is the same book as I want. 试比较：the same…as 与the same …that This is the same knife as I lost.这把刀跟我丢的是一模一样的。（两把刀） This is the same knife that I lost.这把刀就是我丢的。（一把刀） VI. as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时，一般用which。例如： As we all know ,China is a country with a long history. China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all. Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry

希望采纳

高考题型中定语从句 名词性从句 如何区分

　高三马上临近高考，那么高三英语语法知识点有哪些呢。以下是由我为大家整理的“高三英语语法知识点总结”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　一、关系代词引导的定语从句

　1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)

　who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　whom 指人在从句中作宾语

　whose 指人或物在从句中作定语

　as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

　注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词

　2、as 的用法

　(1)常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as

　注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个

　the same…that 表示同一个

　(2)as与which的区别

　a、位置不同

　as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。

　b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。

　Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。

　注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,

　as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

　c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

　二、只用that不用which的情况

　1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时

　2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.

　3、 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

　4、 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

　5、当先行词是数词时.

　6、 当先行词既指人又指物时。

　7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。

　8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

　9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。

　10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

　11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。

三、只用which不用that的情况

　1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。

　2、 在非限制性定语从句中。

　3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。

　一、听力

　听力属于考试必拿分。如果听力还失分，则需要多加练习，最好保证每天听20-30分钟，可以通过听课内课文或者课外的英语文章亦或英文歌曲都会有所帮助的。

　切记：听力的提高在于坚持。

　二、单项选择

　单项选择综合考察同学们对高中语法的把握程度，是必拿分。主要包括三大考点(动词时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句)及几个小考点(情态动词及虚拟语气、特殊句式、介词、代词)。

　第一、同学们一定要将各个语法点系统掌握，搭建知识网。

　现在还有部分同学面对众多语法知识点而迷茫着，建议同学们在一轮复习仅剩的一个月时间里，试着通过思维导图的方式，并借助靠谱的语法书。

　例如：《五三》、《无敌英语语法》，将语法点进行梳理;同时需要针对性地练习，提高做题效率;

　第二、相信各位同学都有准备一本单选订错本，但是我发现有许多同学仅仅只是将题和答案记下，并无订错痕迹，之后还很有可能再错，那么同学们就需要找找原因何在。

　在此希望大家将错题可以及时分考点集中誊抄，并写下做错原因，以防后期再错。发挥好订错本的真正作用。

　切记：扎实的基础乃致胜高考之利器。

　三、完形填空

　面对完形，同学们需要注意做题“在精，不在多”。建议同学们可以保证每天或者隔天一定会练习完形填空。

　如果练习中丢分比较多，就需要分析丢分的原因，到底是上下文理解的问题，还是词汇记忆准确度不够，或是粗心导致的呢?前期千万不要陷入题海战术中，在做题过程中结合所掌握的知识点，慢慢积累，尔后调整做题习惯。

　完形解题包括读懂文章以及选对选项。

　那么第一步便是，把握文章的体裁。例如：记叙文的“夹叙夹议”，分析中需要注意对故事发展的脉络和掺杂其中的感情进行把握。

　第二步，根据上下文线索，结合平时所积累的熟词僻意、固定搭配等选择正确选项，同时还需要注意优先选择最佳选项。

　切记：主要还是从一道完形出发细致分析，将各不同考法的思路进行归纳，转化成经验。

　四、阅读理解

　对于不同的文体阅读和不同的题型各有相对应的答题技巧，你注意到了吗?

　在练习过程中，同学们首先可以先大致将文章略读，了解其文体和大意，其次根据具体问题具体分析，精读文章与问题相关的部分。

　细节题注意“读、划、定、比”，主旨大意题需要根据首尾段、首尾句判断，推断题注意只推一步，猜词题需要结合上下文等等。

　针对7选5阅读，同学们需注意在练习中提高前后文联系和关键词匹配能力。

　切记：阅读是否能够看懂，除了要理解长句，剩下的就是解决单词。如果你所掌握的词汇基础远超高中，高考应该就不在话下了。阅读理解题，词汇为本，方法技巧为王。

　五、写作

　对于英语作文，素材&词汇&句型等都需要平时的积累。作文的话题并不是一尘不变的，一定要以素材的积累作为写作的中坚力量。

　平时练习完毕，同学们一定要在老师的帮助下将作文不断修改和完善，规范审题流程及写作格式。

　从应用文上看，需要同学们将各文体作文的写作模板进行熟悉;情景作文上，则需要积累高级词汇及句式，内容上情景交融、形式上长短句结合、过渡词适当、词汇使用准确和地道。

　当然，素材的积累目的是为了使用，因此实际运用到写作上才能将素材真正地为我所用，在平时练习中一定要注意多借鉴和使用素材。

　想要得到高分，细节也很重要，字迹需清晰，注意不要犯语法错误。高考作文的话题会跟随时代潮流进行更新，需要平时多留意时事。

　切记：“清晰、准确、套路”在写作中很重要，需要多上心。

高考英语。宾语从句和定语从句有什么区别呢，求简单讲解下重点

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

宾语从句和定语从句的区别：宾语从句：只有主语+谓语动词，缺少宾语，整个从句充当句子宾语，（从句前面是一个动词）。定语从句是：主谓宾完整，整个从句作为定语补充说明宾语这个先行词，（从句前面是一个名词）。

定语从句结构

定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

先行词，指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。

一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。

关系词

关系词常有3个作用：

①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。

②指代先行词。

③在定语从句中担当成分。

宾语从句时态

主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.